Label-free microring biosensor with enhanced sensitivity for detection of influenza A viruses H1N1 and H9N2

In this study, a biosensor based on a central microring comprising miniature gold rings is reported for the detection of influenza avian viruses. The label-free microring resonator's design performance attributes as a function of the host analytes (viral samples) enable great sensitivity for detecting various viruses, such as H1N1 and H9N2. The microring resonator's optimised characteristics make the suggested biosensor sensitive to these viruses. The simulations show a sensitivity of 880 nm/RIU for H1N1 and around 2025 nm/RIU for H9N2. The use of two-dimensional black phosphorus materials with higher field enhancement, biocompatibility, and a greater surface-to-volume ratio resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity of 1425 nm/RIU for detecting H9N2. The sensor is proven to be more sensitive to H9N2 than H1N1. Furthermore, the biosensor based on 2D material has a compact footprint and a larger wavelength shift for H9N2, which can accelerate the development of nano optic biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and early detection of viruses.