This volume sets out to address, if not answer, this group of questions about women’s involvement in activity characterized as terrorism in 21st century global politics. After briefly exploring the ideas articulated in the title and theoretical framework of this book (women, gender, and 21st century terrorism), this introduction provides a brief overview of their intersection, women and gender in 21st century terrorism. It concludes with a layout of the chapters in the book and their contributions to better understanding both their particular subject matter and contemporary terrorism more generally.