The multi-dimensional stigma of chronic pain: A narrative review

Accumulating evidence suggests that stigma is a pervasive
and pernicious psychosocial phenomenon that affects people
living with chronic pain. In this narrative review, we describe
the nature of stigma experienced by people with chronic pain
and discuss its multifaceted determinants. These determinants
include features of pain itself and intersectional factors,
including comorbid conditions and social marginalization. We
review the current state of the evidence on the association
between stigma and chronic pain-related functioning, highlighting
avenues for future research. Building on evidence from
other health conditions, we identify multifaceted approaches to
intervention that address all levels of the socio-ecological
system which contribute to stigma and its negative impacts on
people with pain.