Influence of nationality on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS)

A Smerbeck, Ralph Benedict, Arman Eshaghi, Sandra Vanotti, Carina Spedo, Jana Blahova Dusankova, Mohammed Alu Sahraian, Vanessa D. Marques, Dawn Langdon

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Abstract

In answer to the call for improved accessibility of neuropsychological services to the international community, the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS; MS) was validated in multiple, non-English-speaking countries. It was created to monitor processing speed and learning in MS patients, including abbreviated versions of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd Edition, and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised. The objective of the present study was to examine whether participant nationality impacts performance above and beyond common demographic correlates. Method: We combined published data-sets from Argentina, Brazil, Czech Republic, Iran, and the U.S.A. resulting in a database of 1,097 healthy adults, before examining the data via multiple regression. Results: Nationality significantly predicted performance on all three BICAMS tests after controlling for age and years of education. Interactions among the core predictor variables were non-significant. Conclusion: We demonstrated that nationality significantly influences BICAMS performance and established the importance of the inclusion of a nationality variable when international norms for the BICAMS are constructed.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)54-62
Number of pages9
JournalThe Clinical Neuropsychologist
Volume32
Issue number1
Early online date19 Jul 2017
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

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